Currency Turkish lira (TRY). Reference exchange rate approximately 45 TRY per USD (the lira depreciates quickly — verify before travel).
Pricing Premium hotels, hammams and agencies quote best in USD or EUR. Bring crisp, clean notes without marks or folds.
Lira cash Essential for taxis outside Istanbul, markets, tips and public bathrooms. Exchange at Doviz bureaux in town centres, not at the airport.
Cards Visa and Mastercard accepted almost universally at hotels, restaurants and urban shops. Less so in bazaars and smaller villages.
ATMs Use bank ATMs (Garanti, İş Bankası, Akbank). Airport machines charge high fees.
Gratuities 10% in restaurants with table service. Between 50 and 200 TRY per service for guides, drivers and boutique hotel staff.
Latin America Colombians and Argentinians do not require a tourist visa for short stays. Mexican nationals obtain an electronic e-Visa online.
Spain Spanish nationals do not require a tourist visa to enter Turkey.
e-Visa Where applicable, it is processed in minutes through the official portal evisa.gov.tr before travel.
Passport Valid for at least six months from the date of entry. Immigration rules change — verify before travel.
Documents Return ticket, first accommodation voucher and international insurance to hand. Immigration may request them.
Vaccinations No mandatory vaccines from Latin America or Spain. Hepatitis A and B are recommended, along with up-to-date tetanus and MMR.
Insurance International medical cover is essential — minimum EUR 50,000, including repatriation and evacuation.
Water Tap water is not recommended for drinking. Buy bottled water at supermarkets, which is cheaper than in hotels.
Hospitals Istanbul has internationally accredited centres: American Hospital, Acıbadem and Memorial.
Pharmacies Eczane open Monday to Friday, 9am–7pm; each neighbourhood has a duty nöbetçi pharmacy open 24 hours.
Domestic flights Turkish Airlines, Pegasus and AnadoluJet connect Istanbul with Cappadocia, Antalya and Dalaman in 60–90 minutes.
High-speed train The YHT connects Istanbul, Ankara and Konya. Comfortable for selected routes.
Private driver The CocoVolare standard for city days and Cappadocia: saves two to three hours of traffic per day.
Apps BiTaksi and iTaksi are the Turkish equivalent of Uber in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir and Antalya. Download before you land.
IstanbulKart A single card for metro, tram, ferry and funicular in Istanbul. Top it up on arrival.
Official language Turkish, an Altaic language with no Latin cognates. The initial learning curve is steeper than it looks.
English Functional at hotels, tourist restaurants and with guides. Beyond the circuit, a phone translator does the job.
Spanish A minority language but growing: certified Spanish-speaking guides are available in Istanbul, Cappadocia and Ephesus.
Vocabulary Merhaba (hello) · teşekkürler (thank you) · çay (tea) · misafirperverlik (love of the guest).
Our approach CocoVolare prioritises guides with genuine expertise in Byzantine and Ottoman history — it transforms how you read every site.
Mosques Shoulders and knees covered for both sexes; head covered for women. Scarves are lent at the entrance.
Footwear Remove shoes when entering a mosque or a private home.
Tea Çay is offered constantly in tulip glasses. Accepting it opens doors; declining it causes no offence.
Bargaining In the bazaars, negotiation is ritual, not aggression. The opening price is typically inflated two to four times.
Photography Ask permission before photographing people, especially women in rural areas. Never photograph military installations.